nginx 配置http2代理
1, /etc/nginx/conf/proxy.conf
# HTTPS 服务器 (支持 HTTP/2)
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
server_name localhost;
# SSL 证书配置
ssl_certificate /work/go/test/http2_sse/server/cert.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /work/go/test/http2_sse/server/key.pem;
# SSL 协议和加密套件配置
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;
# SSL 会话缓存和超时
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 1d;
ssl_session_tickets off;
# OCSP Stapling
ssl_stapling off;
ssl_stapling_verify off;
#ssl_stapling on;
#ssl_stapling_verify on;
resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s;
resolver_timeout 5s;
# HSTS 配置
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000" always;
# 代理设置
location / {
# 基本代理设置
#proxy_pass https://localhost:8443;
proxy_pass https://127.0.0.1:8443;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
# 代理头信息
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;
# 连接和超时设置
proxy_buffering on;
proxy_buffer_size 16k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
proxy_send_timeout 60s;
proxy_read_timeout 60s;
# 保持连接
proxy_set_header Connection "";
# WebSocket 支持
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
}
# 静态文件缓存 (可选)
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
expires 30d;
}
}
注意: listen 443 ssl http2;
如果是自签名的证书:
ssl_stapling off;
ssl_stapling_verify off;
proxy_http_version 1.1; 这里为什么是1.1呢?
为什么大多数场景使用 HTTP/1.1?
- 兼容性:HTTP/1.1 是最广泛支持的协议,几乎所有后端服务器(如 Node.js、Tomcat、Apache)都支持。
- 性能足够:HTTP/1.1 的长连接(Keep-Alive)和分块传输已能满足多数场景需求。
- 简化配置:无需处理 HTTPS 证书验证、TLS 握手等复杂性。
总结
- 不要设置 proxy_http_version 2:该指令不支持 HTTP/2。
- 如果后端支持 HTTP/2:使用 grpc_pass 或 upstream 中的 http2 参数。
- 默认使用 HTTP/1.1:这是最安全、兼容性最好的选择。
对比总结
场景 | 前端协议 | 后端协议 | 配置方式 |
前端 HTTP/2 → 后端 HTTP/1.1 | HTTP/2 | HTTP/1.1 | proxy_pass http://backend; |
前端 HTTP/2 → 后端 HTTP/2 | HTTP/2 | HTTP/2 | grpc_pass grpc://backend; 或 |